Rectal cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in China. At present, the incidence and mortality of rectal cancer in China are on the rise. Surgical resection is still the main means of rectal cancer [1]. Most of Miles surgery (ie, abdominal perineal resection) is now used [2]. After the operation, the outlet of the intestine is placed outside the abdomen, that is, the abdominal fistula. Abdominal ostomy has brought a lot of inconvenience to the patient's life, so we propose a reconstituted anal solution for the in situ artificial anus [3]. Artificial anus is an alternative to the natural anus that has been removed or has lost the function of expansion. An artificial organ that simulates the physiological function of the anus is the ultimate solution for all serious anal incontinence. It has an irreplaceable effect compared with drug treatment and surgical repair. .
1 intelligent artificial anus overall designThe artificial anus is an artificial organ whose intestinal wall is a nanomaterial. The ultrasonic transmitter and the ultrasonic receiver are in close contact with the sides of the intestinal wall. The bottom of the artificial anus is an intestinal opening and closing switch, which is generally closed. The inner surface of the bowel opening and closing switch has a pressure sensor for detecting pressure changes inside the intestinal lumen. When there is excrement, you need to open the bowel opening and closing switch.
The physical model of the intelligent artificial anus is shown in Figure 1.
The intelligent artificial anus designed in this paper consists of four modules: pressure sensor detection module, ultrasonic sensor detection module, alarm module and single-chip control module, as shown in Figure 2. The pressure sensor analyzes the changes in the intestinal lumen pressure, and the ultrasonic sensor detection module analyzes the contents of the intestinal lumen as gases, liquids, and solids. If it is a gas, the microprocessor will automatically drive the pump to open the anus to expel gas. If it is liquid or solid, it will activate the alarm system to remind the patient to wait for the patient's next instruction.
Pressure sensor detection module: When measuring the pressure change of the intestinal lumen by using the pressure sensor, immediately send a signal to the single-chip microcomputer and analyze the magnitude of the pressure, and judge the urgency of discharging waste through the single-chip module.
Ultrasonic sensor detection module: When the single-chip microcomputer sends out the ultrasonic sensor, the 555 chip will generate a high-frequency oscillation pulse of 40 kHz, enter the ultrasonic transmitter, the ultrasonic transmitter will generate ultrasonic waves of 40 kHz, the ultrasonic wave will pass through the intestinal cavity, and the echo after the launch or After the attenuated ultrasonic wave is received by the ultrasonic receiver, the weak signal is amplified by the amplifying circuit, and the envelope detecting circuit optimizes the signal waveform, eliminates the interference low-frequency component signal, obtains the required high-frequency signal, and finally reaches the single-chip microcomputer through A/D conversion.
The single-chip microcomputer control module: the single-chip microcomputer controls the pressure sensor detection module and the ultrasonic sensor detection module in real time, and processes the pressure digital signal from the A/D converter and the digital signal of the ultrasonic receiving module. Based on these digital signals, the state of the substance and the urgency of excretion are judged to inform the patient to make a different response.
The alarm module includes a buzzer and a light emitting diode. When the LED emits light, it represents excretion in the intestinal lumen. The buzzer sounds the urgency of excretion, and the louder the sound, the more urgent it is. The flow chart of the whole system is shown in Figure 3.
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