I was surprised that "Isn't that just burning a house, 'burning' decoration?"
The friend nodded that "a set of 1 million equipment is in a bad listening space, the effect is sometimes not as good as a set of 100,000 yuan. And when you spend 1 million to decorate this room, if it is not lawful, the effect is even better than The room with 10,000 yuan decoration is still worse! There are so many variables in this!"
Obviously, the creation of listening space is a very important topic for high-standard audio enthusiasts. It means that it will make your beloved equipment depreciate in sound.
Nowadays, the housing conditions of urban residents have been greatly improved. Many friends have begun to consider creating a space for listening to music when they are buying and renovating. In fact, the creation of a good listening space involves many disciplines, including electrical, acoustic, material physics, civil engineering, and decorative design. For the time being, in general decorating companies, designers simply can't provide you with a complete set of "sound room solutions" that combine sound and decorative effects. For ordinary people, buying a house and decorating a home is a rare event that can't be repeated, and there is no chance to reinvent it. Therefore, the construction of the listening room by the laymen will make money and energy go to waste. On some renderings, there seems to be a sound of the listening room until the dust settles. The actual sound effect is often frustrating. Some people emphasize the listening effect when they decorate. The result is messy and homeless. To make the limited living space lack the warmth that it should have.
So how do you plan and construct an ideal home listening space? Here, the author combines his accumulated experience to list some points that must be paid attention to and provide them for your reference.
First, the choice of room type
This is the first and most crucial step. Choosing the wrong one means that your future fever dream will be completely destroyed. Even if you stick the banknotes on the wall and spread it underground, the effect will not be tolerated.
Remember to buy a room, try not to plan the room with a polygonal plane as your listening space. Also don't think about square-flat rooms. A proportional rectangle, or trapezoidal plane space will be perfect for you.
The acoustic and architectural worlds have many theories about the "golden ratio" of the ideal acoustic space, and one of the more classical ratios is 1 1.6 2.6 (height width length). This is based on the "golden ratio" law of 1 1.6180339887 discovered by the ancient Greek mathematician Fepanisi. It is said that some ancient instruments were made according to this ratio, and some of the best sounds in the world. Most of the theaters are also close to this "shoe box shape" ratio.
At present, few real estate developers specialize in developing special room types for audiophiles. Therefore, it is almost impossible to find a room that meets this "golden ratio" while satisfying your other requirements. It can find relatively close proportions. The room is already very good. However, you can rebuild the rough house to achieve a "golden ratio" without destroying the structure. However, the price paid will be more expensive.
In fact, the vast majority of people are not obsessed enthusiasts. Due to conditions, they will consider using the living room as a listening room or home theater. Most people will use a long wall to place equipment, and then use the other side of the wall to seat the sofa and other seats. This seems reasonable, but unfortunately, this usually does not bring perfect sound. The ideal living room and listening room should be the equipment and the seats on the two short sides of the room.
Reasonable use of the living room, in addition to the room type should be proportionate, but also pay special attention to the position of the door and window in the room. Try to avoid choosing a living room with doors and windows on the multi-faceted wall to make a listening room. It is also best not to choose the type of door and window in the long side of the room. Excessive walkways will not only hinder your listening environment. It will also bring inconvenience to your future life. The best listening room type should be that the doors and windows are only on the short wall of one side of the room.
Second, the power concealment project
The pre-burial of the line is usually the beginning of the renovation project. The power supply is the most important thing in an ideal listening room. The power supply of the listening room is well done, and with the AC power supply filter, isolation and voltage regulation and other AC processing equipment, it will definitely make the sound system even more powerful. On the contrary, even if you use advanced power processing equipment for remediation in the future, it will be half the battle. Therefore, the concealment of the power supply requires very careful planning and careful construction for the construction of the listening room.
Expert research shows that our living space is full of so-called RFI (radio frequency interference) and EMI (electromagnetic interference), which may come from your home's air conditioners, refrigerators and other heavy-duty appliances; it may also come from neighbors' radios, computers; Cars on the road, pedestrians' mobile phones, etc. The AC power cord of the audio system, if not handled properly, will become an "antenna" for picking up these noises. In fact, the sound system is quite sensitive to these "invisible disturbances", and they make the music transmitted by the speakers unpurified.
To avoid these disturbances, it is extremely effective to start from the listening space. The most basic treatment method is to arrange a separate circuit for the listening room power supply, so that it is separated from other electrical circuits of the home when entering the house; in addition, when the line is buried, add PVC bushing to the power line (if you It is also necessary to pre-embed the surround speaker cable, audio and video signal cable, or TV RF cable, and also use PVC sleeves. At the same time, try to keep the listening space away from computers and microwave ovens because they are the largest source of electromagnetic interference in the home. In addition, in the listening room, you should also avoid the use of variable frequency air conditioners, dimmer switches and cordless phones, because the clutter generated when they work will pollute your sound system.
In order to ensure a strong and stable current supply to the power supply of the listening room, a high-quality power cord with a relatively large wire diameter and good insulation and shielding should be embedded. It is preferable that the wire has a wire diameter of 6 square or more. However, there are few such specifications for single-strand power cords such as the commercially available "Panda". All of them use a dedicated audio power cord, and the cost is almost impossible. How to do? You may wish to order a special sheathed wire at a professional electric shop. This is a two-phase power cord with a size of 6 square meters or more. It is equipped with an ordinary 4 square single strand wire for grounding. It can form a three-phase power supply and can also receive good results.
In addition, the specifications of the listening room power outlet should generally be 250V/16A to be able to adapt to high power amplifiers. At the same time, high-quality products should be selected as much as possible to avoid arcing discharge, transient noise generation, damage to equipment or deterioration of signal quality. Since the power plugs of most fever equipment are mostly three-phase plugs of the British and American systems, the socket system, usage and approximate position of the listening room should also be planned in advance to avoid unnecessary conversion after the equipment plug is not matched in the future. Like Italy's "Feimai", the Sino-Western joint venture "Simon", there are American-made, English-made three-phase power socket supply, the quality is very good, it is worth recommending to enthusiasts.
Some enthusiasts have the experience that the current leakage switch protector should not be used on the power supply circuit of the listening room, because the air switch can also cause the power supply to be impure. They recommend using a special fuse to prevent short circuits. Instead of using ordinary tin wire, this fuse uses high-purity oxygen-free copper wire. It must be emphasized that the thickness and load of the copper wire must be accurately calculated so that its melting point is consistent with the usual tin fuse for safety purposes.
In addition, some enthusiasts will also work on the grounding of the power supply. They will bury the ground wire deeper than the ground, and conduct electricity with the underground water pipes, and inject a large amount of salt into the ground wire. They believe that this can be There are many sounds in the sound. However, this approach sounds a bit superstitious and lacks scientific basis. It can only be used as a "playing method" for reference. The author does not recommend non-fans to try.
Third, sound insulation and sound absorption
Sound insulation and sound absorption will play a decisive role in the final effect of the listening room. It must be done with great care in design and construction.
As the name implies, sound insulation is to prevent outdoor noise from interfering with the listening environment, and also to make the sound of the listening room not interfere with other environments. There are two ways to deal with sound insulation. One is to reflect the energy of the sound, and the other is to absorb the energy of the sound. Usually the design and construction of the listening room is to surround the surrounding with a reflective sound insulation material, and then add sound absorbing material on the inside. To master this method, the choice of building materials is the key. Here, let us first understand some sound insulation and sound absorbing materials that may be used.
Building materials that reflect sound without causing resonance are usually hard, dense materials. This type of material, the most used in the construction of the listening room is the cement wall. In fact, most of the newly built houses, the wall of the rough house is mostly cement wall surface, in fact, the basic sound insulation treatment has been done for the future living room. However, if you need to make partial modifications to the original room type, it is best to use cement walls for partitioning. Of course, brick walls and hollow bricks are considered to be relatively hard building materials. However, if there are air bubbles or gaps in the joints, the sound insulation effect will be lost, so plastering is required during construction. As for hard materials such as granite, marble, and glass fossils, although the sound reflection is also very strong, it is generally only used for interior decoration, and the listening room should be extremely cautious.
Sound absorbing materials are building materials that allow sound to penetrate. Instead of not reflecting the sound, they absorb the sound and weaken as the sound penetrates inside. This kind of material is widely used in the interior of the listening room. Its function is to control the reverberation and absorb the standing wave in addition to the sound insulation. Due to the degree of sound absorption of various sound absorbing materials, there are great changes due to the difference in sound frequency, and its properties are much more complicated than reflective sound insulating materials. For example, gypsum board and plywood, which are usually used most indoors, can only absorb low-frequency sounds; asbestos, glass wool, etc. are easy to absorb medium and high frequencies, but they increase the thickness or leave a cavity behind them. In this case, the absorption performance of the intermediate frequency and even the low frequency can also be improved. Therefore, the selection of this type of sound absorbing material requires extreme caution. If it is used too little, it will not have the corresponding effect. If it is used too much, the sound in the listening space will be too rigid and lacking in anger.
Nowadays, the popular practice of the Hi-Fi listening room is to make a compartment between the plasterboard (or the three plywood) and the cement wall, and then fill it with a layer of 2-3 cm thick glass wool or rock wool. This will not only play a good sound insulation effect, but also will not excessively destroy the frequency response of the entire space. In addition, the rock wool is placed in the wall, and the heat insulation effect of the room can be guaranteed. However, this method of wall treatment is mainly applied to the side wall, and is not suitable for the wall behind the speaker. A harder wall material should be used behind the speaker to provide adequate sound reflection. The commercially available “Culture Stone†is an ideal material, and its rough surface not only balances the reflection of the speaker, but also has a good decorative effect.
The ground in the listening room does not require excessive reflection. High-quality wool carpets are high-end decorations and sound-absorbing materials with excellent performance. It is recommended to lay large areas.
The sound insulation treatment must not forget the ceiling of the listening room. The ceiling of the listening room is usually fixed with a keel to fix the gypsum board and the mineral wool board. It is worth mentioning that the thickness of commercially available gypsum board is 0.9cm and 1.2cm, and the ceiling should be thicker. As for the mineral wool ceiling, it is mostly used for building materials in public places. Because the pores on the surface can make a good balance between sound absorption and reflection, and the cheap and good quality, it is an ideal choice for listening room decoration.
In addition, doors and windows are also an important part of the noise barrier of the listening room, they must all have excellent sealing performance. The door, preferably the whole fan is made of solid wood or medium density sheet, and the combination of the door and the door frame is preferably T-shaped. The window is made of aluminum or plastic steel profiles. If you choose double-layer insulating glass, the sound insulation effect is even better.
Fourth, ground isolation treatment
The sound system is very sensitive to vibration, and some bad resonances, even if they are minimal, will make the replay effect beyond recognition. This, as long as you look at the high-end audio equipment in the shock performance, and the enthusiasts with nails and other devices to deal with the vibration measures, you can understand.
In the listening space, most of the external vibrations are transmitted from the ground to the sound system. Therefore, it is necessary to isolate the harmful resonance. In addition to the quality of the house itself, the isolation of the ground is a critical link.
In the choice of materials for laying the ground, many people will take it for granted that marble is a hard and ideal seismic material. In fact, this is a big misunderstanding. In fact, the density of marble is very low, and its own resonance point is very high. It is a very taboo decoration material in the listening room. Synthetic glass fossil tiles such as “Smickâ€, which are commonly found in the market, have a slightly higher density than marble, but if the thickness is not enough, the resonance will be even more severe. Therefore, if you must use glass fossils, the thickness must be more than 3 cm. In fact, there are few such specifications on the market for such floor tiles. Relatively speaking, the density of granite in stone is much higher than the above two materials, and the resonance is also low. However, if the surface is polished too smooth, it is easy to make the sound reflection in the listening space excessive, causing the sound to be too bright and dead; and if the surface is rough, it will feel very uncomfortable when walking, and it will be very troublesome to clean. I do not recommend it.
In fact, the best laying materials on the floor of the listening room are still preferred with some high-density solid wood flooring. Among them, the rosewood from South America and the black walnut from Southeast Asia are the best. In fact, there are many brands of high-quality paint-free flooring made of this kind of wood on the market. The price is about 300 yuan per square meter. Most of them use advanced composite processing technology, and the drying performance is excellent. The thickness is about 2 cm. Get the law, the control effect on the resonance will be very ideal.
In general, the decoration of the home decoration for the solid wood floor is basically to put a moisture-proof film on the prefabricated wooden grille, and then fix the floor on the grille, even if it is done. The decoration of the listening room, due to the effective control of the resonance, the laying method of the floor is relatively complicated. A more thorough approach is to first cast cement between the wooden veneers (but not the wooden grille part), after the cement is dry, lay a layer of blockboard on the grille, and then a moisture-proof film. Finally, the floor is fixed on the wood board.
If the budget is limited, artificial laminate flooring is also the second best choice. However, although the composite floor is compact in structure, extremely high in hardness and density, and ideal for self-resonance, it usually does not exceed 1 cm in thickness. In addition, the grille can not be used during construction, only the glue is fixed, so the actual isolation effect will be a little discount.
V. Standing wave control
Do the above, is an ideal listening room already built? Not also! This only means that you have a good foundation for listening to the sound room. There are still many things that require you to work hard.
In fact, the most headache for the enthusiasts is how to deal with the standing waves in the listening space. In particular, standing waves of around 100 Hz. If the processing is not good, it is difficult to obtain a clear sound in the listening space, and the sound field will be disordered. As long as the sound is loud, the room will be rattled.
How do you know the standing wave frequency in your room? There is a way to calculate the length of your room by dividing the speed of the sound by 340 meters per second. For example, if your room is 5 meters long, it is 340/5=68. In half-wave calculation, there is a obvious bump at 34Hz. Moreover, the standing wave is not a single frequency, and there is a weak standing wave at a multiple of 34 Hz ​​like 68 Hz and 136 Hz. In addition, the room is a cube. There are three sets of standing waves generated on the three facades of the sky, the ground and the wall. Therefore, even if a pair of super speakers with a frequency response of 0 dB in the non-sounding room is measured, the spectrum analyzer is used in the ordinary space. The low frequency band is still high and low.
In theory, there are two solutions for absorption and diffusion for standing waves in acoustic space. And the effect of absorption is better than diffusion. However, the absorption process is not as imaginative as it is, and it is as simple as using a textile with high damping. The studio and the small auditorium will produce a wooden empty box with sound-absorbing cotton according to the professional acoustic formula and the spatial characteristics, so that the sound can be converted into the energy to achieve the true absorption of the standing wave. However, the general home listening room will not be so large, doing these very unattractive things to satisfy the music appreciation. And the size of the living space is not allowed to do so. Therefore, the method of diffusion is usually considered.
In the diffusion method, the acoustic theory shows that the "arc diffusion method" is the most ideal method, but in addition to the advanced listening room, this "arc diffusion" device is still not practical for ordinary homes. Because if the room standing wave frequency is 100 Hz, calculate the 340/100/2=1.7 according to the formula of dividing the sound speed by the standing wave frequency and dividing by 2, that is, the curved surface of the arc diffuser should reach 1.7 meters. To achieve the corresponding diffusion effect, it is clear that the placement of such a giant in the home takes up a lot of space.
Later, according to the "two remainders" theory proposed by German mathematicians, the plate diffusion method developed by American RPG Company became popular in the Hi-Fi world. This method is actually to use different planks of different partitions to change the frequency of the standing wave of the sound and the propagation path of its multiplier. It occupies a small area and has an ideal effect. The recording control room of the US TELARC company is advertised to use this RPG diffusion device to adjust the sound space. However, the original RPG diffuser is too expensive and has the suspicion of stealing money. Fortunately, the material and production of the diffusion device is not complicated, and the products that are counterfeited according to the principle can be found on the market, and the effect is quite good. RPG diffusers can generally be placed on the wall behind the speakers, or placed in rows on either side of the wall, or placed behind the seat if needed. It does not destroy the beauty of the space.
In fact, the space standing wave does not have to be completely eliminated. Some masters will skillfully use the standing wave of the space to change the listening effect of the system. It can be used well and can receive amazing effects. Even the low-frequency sense of small speakers will be incredible. Upgrade.
Moreover, it is not only a special sound adjustment device that can adjust the good space effect. Real masters will use some furniture (shelves, record stands, etc.) or potted plants in appropriate places to achieve a very ideal space adjustment effect.
In fact, the space adjustment of the listening room, really fever, learning is very much, the variables are also great, there is no fixed reference mode, all by your ears and hands to explore. Hu Shi said that life is a success. For enthusiasts, Hi-Fi success is also in constant trial. (Zhu Wei)
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