The wireless charging technology of electric vehicles is now more and more mature, but there are still problems such as low charging efficiency and safety in practical applications. How far is the wireless charging technology for electric vehicles from us?
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Wireless charging technology, that is, Wireless charging technology, means that the device with battery does not need to use electric wires, and uses electromagnetic wave induction principle or other related AC induction technology to transmit and receive the corresponding sensors at the transmitting end and the receiving end. A technique for AC signals to be charged is derived from wireless power transmission technology. The early stage of wireless charging technology is mainly used in the charging of mobile phones.
Wireless charging technology has also been applied in the electric vehicle industry. The major car parks began to study the wireless charging technology of cars a few years ago.
From the specific technical principles and solutions, the current wireless charging technology mainly has four basic modes: electromagnetic induction type, magnetic resonance type, radio wave type and electric field coupling type. These technologies are suitable for short-range, medium- and short-range and remote power transmission. A comparison of these several methods is shown below.
For the application of wireless charging technology, in fact, major manufacturers have introduced electric vehicles that support wireless charging. As early as 2013, Nissan chose the world's best-selling pure electric vehicle to be used as a model to promote wireless charging technology. In July 2014, Mercedes-Benz and BMW jointly announced the joint development of wireless charging technology for electric vehicles. Mercedes-Benz will be tested based on the new S-Class, while BMW plans to first apply it to the i8. At the 2015 CES show, Audi demonstrated Audi's latest wireless charging device, which is a wireless charging technology that automatically lifts and supplies the power supply coil to meet the high SUV of the chassis.
In addition to Volvo, car companies basically use the way to charge the vehicle in a static state. In 2012, Volvo launched a project called “Grid Road System†and built a test road of about 400 meters in the Swedish test center. Cables are laid inside the road. When the test truck passes the road, the vehicle will automatically connect with the cable, and 750V DC will charge the vehicle. In 2013, a 12-kilometer wireless charging section was laid in Gumi City, South Korea. Pure electric buses can be charged while driving on the road. In Guangxi, China, the first wireless charging lane for electric vehicles has also been built.
Although wireless charging technology has been applied, wireless charging systems still have some important points to note.
1, mobility
In the implementation of wireless charging systems, the ability to locate and track multiple mobile receivers is critical. The relative position of the transmitter and receiver does not change in near field charging, but the user may move continuously during far field charging. Users should be able to move at will without losing the signal.
2, security
Radio frequency safety depends on the amount of exposure the human body can withstand without damaging human health. It is usually defined by the absorption rate (SAR). The safety requirements for consumer products are actually quite strict, because it is about whether consumers can build a sense of security and can't just design by targeting safety regulations.
As for the safety of ultrasound, it may be a problem that consumers are very concerned about. After all, consumers may have some psychological exclusion from the space full of rays, and ultrasound may affect animals. Providing wireless charging at high frequencies that are not perceived by animals may be the solution to this problem.
3, system interference
The wireless charging system is based on high frequency switching signals and must have the ability to predict the source of the noise, including the noise of the charging system itself and the noise outside the system.
4, the charging efficiency is improved
Charging efficiency has always been a key concern of the electric vehicle industry. At present, the charging efficiency of the wireless charging technology is generally below 80%, so the wireless charging efficiency still has room for improvement, and the improvement of the charging efficiency can also shorten the charging time.
For the efficiency test of wireless charging, it is generally possible to measure the voltage and current of the input terminal and the voltage and current of the output terminal, and calculate the data of the test to obtain the efficiency of charging. But if the data you want to test is more accurate, you must ensure that the inputs and outputs are measured at the same time. Charging piles can be tested with a high precision power analyzer.
If the wireless charging technology solves the problems of low charging efficiency, safety, system interference, etc., it is believed that in a short period of time, wireless charging technology will gradually replace the current mainstream "wired charging pile", which will become a new development of the new energy industry. opportunity.
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