Power Factor Correction (PFC) is mandatory for any power class specified by the US Department of Energy (DOE) Energy Star (ENERGYSTARTM) Solid State Lighting (SSL) specification. This standard applies to a range of specific products, such as recessed lights, cabinet lights and table lamps, where the LED driver power factor for residential applications must be greater than 0.7, and for commercial applications greater than 0.9; however, this standard is a voluntary standard. The EU's IEC61000-3-2 harmonic content standard specifies the total harmonic distortion performance of lighting applications with power greater than 25 W. The maximum limit is equivalent to total harmonic distortion (THD) < 35%, while power factor (PF) )>0.94. While not all countries absolutely mandate improved power factor in lighting applications, some applications may have this requirement, such as utilities that promote commercial applications of products with high power factor in utilities, and utilities. When an organization purchases/maintains a street light, it can also decide whether it is required to have a high power factor (usually >0.95+) according to their wishes.
PFC technology includes passive PFC and active PFC. Passive PFC solutions are bulky and require additional components to better change the current waveform to achieve a power factor of about 0.8 or higher. Among the lower power applications of less than 5 W to 40 W, almost the standard choice of flyback topology requires only passive components and minor circuit modifications to achieve a power factor greater than 0.7. The active PFC (see Figure 1) is typically added to the circuit as a dedicated power conversion section to change the input current waveform. Active PFCs typically provide boost, with a wide input range of 100 to 277 Vac, and a PFC output voltage range of 450 to 480 Vdc. If the PFC section is properly designed, it can provide 91% to 95% energy efficiency. However, with the addition of active PFC, a dedicated DC-DC conversion is still required to provide current regulation.
Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the application circuit of active PFC
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