LED white light technology principle and development trend

Lighting is related to human civilization from beginning to end.

In 1879, Edison invented incandescent lamps, bringing humans from the era of flame lighting to the era of electric light sources. For more than a century, the electric light source lighting technology has developed by leaps and bounds, and has experienced three important stages represented by incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps and high-intensity discharge lamps (HID). Nowadays, with the emergence of new generation semiconductor materials and breakthroughs in light-emitting diode ( LED ) packaging technology , as well as the continuous improvement of LED power levels, LED light sources are setting off a fourth revolution in the development of electric light sources.

The LED light source fundamentally changes the light-emitting mechanism of the light source. While improving the quality and utility of the light, it can also improve the environment and save energy, and has high economic benefits. At present, white LED light sources are slowly consuming the market of traditional light sources in various fields. Its application areas include: local range low illumination, backlight for liquid crystal (LCD) display, traffic lighting, indoor lighting and special lighting. According to Toshiba, in the special lighting market, 16% will be replaced by LEDs in 2010 and 30% in 2012.

However, from the current situation, the main application of solid lighting is still in the field of color LED lighting. As the ultimate goal of the LED industry, high-power high-brightness white LEDs have not achieved the high performance expected by mechanism analysis in today's market, and the price is relatively high.

Technical principle

To understand the progress of white LEDs, let us first add a little bit of LED principles.

The LED is made of a III-V compound such as gallium arsenide (GaAs) or gallium arsenide (GaAsP), and its core is an electroluminescent PN junction. One layer of the PN junction carries an excess of electrons, and the other layer forms a positively charged "hole" (carrier) due to the lack of electrons. When a voltage is applied across the PN, the electron and the "hole" interact with each other. Combines and releases energy in the form of photons, and if the energy of the photons is in the visible range, it radiates light. The wavelength of the LED's illumination is determined by the forbidden band width of the semiconductor material. The forbidden band widths of different materials are different, and the wavelength of the generated light is also different, so that the colors presented are also different. Therefore, different materials can be used to make LEDs of different colors, such as red, green, blue, and the like.

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Application:

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