Since 2012, as a product of the combination of the Internet and higher education, large-scale online open courses (Mu classes) have rapidly emerged around the world. This new curriculum and teaching model breaks the time and space boundaries of education, the walls of schools, and subverts traditional university classrooms. The way to teach and learn. The developed countries represented by the United States and the United Kingdom have vigorously promoted the construction of the classroom, and the competition for the resources of the classroom has become increasingly fierce.
Since 2012, the Ministry of Education has paid close attention to the development trend of international mural construction. From the initial stage, it has determined that China's motto construction should reflect Chinese characteristics and world level. In 2015, the Ministry of Education issued the Ministry of Education on strengthening online schools. The Opinions on the Application and Management of Open Course Construction proposes to build an online open curriculum system and curriculum platform with Chinese characteristics. Based on the principle of “university subject, government support, and social participationâ€, it should be based on self-construction, pay attention to application sharing, and strengthen standardized management. It has effectively promoted the construction and application of online open courses in China. After nearly five years of development practice, there are four landmark achievements:
First, the construction and application of the MOOCs showed explosive growth. More than 10 domestic MOOC platforms have been built independently by universities and institutions. The school online and love course network has been ranked among the international and domestic leaders. More than 3,200 courses in more than 460 colleges and universities have online courses, 55 million college students and social learners.
Second, the construction and application of the MOOC has realized a wide range of high-quality resources sharing. Western universities receive high-level university teaching support and share 2,400 quality courses. More than 6 million college students have earned credits. The coverage of MOOCs in various forms, such as cross-regional, inter-disciplinary, interdisciplinary, and disciplined disciplines, has gradually expanded to promote cross-disciplinary, cross-regional online learning, flipping classrooms, online and offline hybrids. Learning and other sharing and application models are constantly emerging.
Third, the MOOC has gained more and more recognition from the higher education sector. Various provincial education departments and colleges have developed online open curriculum construction and application planning, and have begun active exploration and practice in terms of credit identification, conversion and establishment of related supporting mechanisms.
Fourth, the construction of China's MOOCs has entered the forefront of the world. The number of MOOCs in China has ranked first in the world. More than 200 courses have landed on the internationally renowned course platform, and “Tsinghua Chinese†and other Chinese classes have entered the forefront of the 2016 internationally renowned curriculum platform. The construction and application of MOOCs in China has provided a Chinese plan for the development of the world's MOOCs and created the Chinese model.
On the basis of the outstanding achievements in the construction and application of online open courses in China, the Ministry of Education officially launched 490 “National Boutique Online Open Courses†for the first time, which is the first time in the world and the implementation of the 19th National Congress of the Ministry of Education. Efforts to write an important measure of the "penrative pen for higher education" in higher education. The purpose is to further promote the deep integration of information technology and education and teaching, promote the in-depth development of online open curriculum construction and application in China, promote the "transformation overtaking" of higher education teaching quality, improve the quality of education, promote education fairness, and realize the high quality connotation of higher education. development of.
The first batch of selected courses focused on undergraduate education and higher vocational education public courses, professional basic courses, and professional core courses, including Chinese excellent traditional culture courses, innovation and entrepreneurship courses, and ideological and political courses. The selected courses are of high quality, wide-ranging scope, and application. The effect is good and the model is strong, which represents the highest level of online open courses in China. There are four main characteristics:
First, the construction of top-ranking universities actively participates in the construction of online open courses. The 344 courses, which were built by Peking University, Tsinghua University, Wuhan University, Harbin Institute of Technology and other top universities, were selected, accounting for 70.2%.
Second, large-scale applications benefit colleges and social learners. In the first batch of courses, there were 78 students with more than 100,000 electives, accounting for 15.9%. Among them, the number of students in the University of Defense Science and Technology's College English Speaking exceeded 980,000. The number of students selected by Tongji University in Advanced Mathematics. Nearly 850,000 people, Peking University's "Chinese for Beginners" ("Basic Chinese") on the international platform has a population of 450,000.
The third is to demonstrate the reform of education and teaching in colleges and universities. The first batch of courses adhere to the basic concept of “beneficiary first, open sharing firstâ€, focusing on promoting the deep integration of information technology and education, reconstructing the curriculum system, curriculum content and teaching mode, and strengthening the online and offline teachers and students. Interaction, interaction and interaction, cross-regional and cross-school promotion of high-quality curriculum resources in the universities of the eastern, central and western regions, and achieved remarkable results in deepening the reform of education and teaching in colleges and universities.
The fourth is to build an international brand of online open courses in China. There are 12 online open courses in China on the internationally renowned platform. The first batch of “National Boutique Online Open Courses†will be promoted, which will promote more high-quality universities to launch high-quality courses on the international platform and participate in international competition.
Next, the Ministry of Education will continue to vigorously promote the in-depth integration of information technology and education, and regard the construction and application of online open courses as an important starting point for deepening teaching reform, improving teaching quality, and promoting education equity.
First, by 2020, 3,000 “National Boutique Online Open Courses†and 1,000 “Demonstration Virtual Simulation Experiment Teaching Projects†will be launched in the name of the country, which will lead to the online operation of 10,000 MOP and 5,000 virtual simulation experimental teaching projects. Promote the deep integration of information technology and education and teaching, and make significant progress in improving quality and promoting fairness.
The second is to introduce the standard of Chinese MOOCs, promote the wide application of MOOCs, increase the openness and sharing of the MOOC platform, and deliver more high-quality MOP classes to universities in the central and western regions.
The third is to strengthen the training of teachers and technicians, so that more teachers will build classes and use classes.
The fourth is to promote the credit card recognition and credit management system innovation.
The fifth is to increase the opening of the MOOCs to the outside world, master the international discourse power in the construction mode, promotion and application of standards, and occupy the commanding heights of the new round of international competition in higher education.
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