What is emc electromagnetic compatibility?

EMC is the abbreviation of Electro MagneTIc CompaTIbility. The Chinese translation for electromagnetic compatibility refers to the ability of a device or system to operate in its electromagnetic environment without causing unacceptable electromagnetic interference to any device in its environment. Therefore, EMC includes EMI (interference) and EMS (suscepTIbility), that is, electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic interference. EMI, Electromagnetic Interference Degree, describes whether a product's electromagnetic radiation interference with other products will affect its surrounding environment or other electronic or electrical products within the same electrical environment; EMS, electromagnetic immunity, describe an electronic or Whether electrical products are affected by their surrounding environment or other electronic or electrical products in the same electrical environment will affect their own normal work. EMI also includes conduction-conduction (CE) emission and radiation emission (RE) emission and harmonic harmonics.

The electromagnetic power transmission, electromagnetic induction and electromagnetic radiation are three kinds of ways in which electromagnetic power transmission, electromagnetic induction and electromagnetic radiation are used in various operating electrical equipments to affect each other and cause interference, influence and harm to the equipment and personnel operating under certain conditions. The electromagnetic compatibility EMC discipline that emerged in the 1980s is aimed at researching and solving this problem. It is mainly to study and solve the mechanism of the generation, propagation, reception and suppression of interference, and its corresponding measurement and measurement technologies, and based on this The most reasonable principle of technology and economy is to make clear regulations on the level of interference, anti-jamming level and suppression measures, so that devices in the same electromagnetic environment are compatible without introducing any entity into the environment. Electromagnetic disturbances.

1 Various kinds of man-made noise, such as transmission line corona noise, car noise, contactor noise itself, and noise caused by discharge when the conductor starts, electric locomotive noise, urban noise, etc.

2 The mutual influence of various public utilities (power lines, communications, railways, highways, oil and metal pipelines, etc.) in the shared corridor.

3 Reflection problems caused by large buildings such as super high-rise buildings, transmission lines, and iron towers.

4 The role of the electromagnetic environment on humans and all kinds of organisms. These include power frequency fields such as strong wires, medium and short-wave and microwave electromagnetic radiation.

5 nuclear electromagnetic pulse effects. Electromagnetic pulses from high-altitude nuclear explosions can destroy large areas of command, control, communications, computers and newspaper systems on the ground.

6 TEMPEST technology. Its substantive content is aimed at the problem of electromagnetic radiation and information leakage of information equipment, and a series of research work carried out from the aspects of information reception and protection.

7 Misoperation of electronic equipment. In order to prevent malfunctions, measures must be taken to improve the anti-jamming capability of the equipment.

8 spectrum allocation and management. The radio spectrum is a limited resource, but it is not expendable. It must be managed scientifically and fully utilized.

9 Electromagnetic Compatibility and Measurement.

10 natural influences and so on.

We often encounter such a situation. When we listen to the radio or watch TV, if people use nearby hair dryers, vacuum cleaners, etc., it will make the sound noise, images appear snow, this is the product's electromagnetic compatibility Problem: When we use a computer, it is hot-swapped and connected with other devices through cables. After that, the mouse cannot be dragged, the cursor cannot move, and the computer crashes. One of the important reasons is the electromagnetic compatibility problem. When the computer When controlling other equipment through communication cables, the computer will always crash when the program runs to a certain point. This may also be a problem of electromagnetic compatibility. The strong electromagnetic interference pulse makes the computer run away from the original program track. If it appears in the network, it may damage the database or paralyze the network, causing major disasters and economic losses. If there are passengers on board the flight, the electronic equipment that violates the strong interference signal is likely to cause the crash of the aircraft; In the design of the control system, if electromagnetic compatibility problems occur, both It is the correct programming of the software and it is difficult to make the system debug successfully. These examples show that there is indeed a pollution-electromagnetic pollution in the space we live in. These electromagnetic disturbances interfere with people's normal work in the case of imperceptibility.

With the continuous recognition of electromagnetic compatibility, the emphasis on electromagnetic compatibility has gradually increased. With the continuous development of science and technology, the fields involved in electromagnetic compatibility are increasingly expanding. Nowadays, the impact of electromagnetic compatibility has become more than just the electronic product equipment itself. Because the internal structure of electronic products has become more and more compact and complicated, the problem of electromagnetic compatibility has also increased. More important, such as electromagnetic interference, the radio cannot listen to the radio, data of some electronic devices is lost in the transmission process, some medical electronic devices work abnormally, the detonation device is triggered to cause explosion, and a control function of the industrial process completely fails. Etc. Electromagnetic interference or radiation produced by it can also cause certain subtle changes in the organism itself and have a certain impact. Because of these interferences and disturbed electromagnetic problems, it is of great importance to study the electromagnetic compatibility of electronic products.

The electromagnetic power transmission, electromagnetic induction and electromagnetic radiation are three kinds of ways in which electromagnetic power transmission, electromagnetic induction and electromagnetic radiation are used in various operating electrical equipments to affect each other and cause interference, influence and harm to the equipment and personnel operating under certain conditions. For example, if your central kitchen has multiple high-power induction cookers, microwave ovens, ovens, and other equipment running at the same time, if these devices do not pass EMC certification, the quality of the equipment is not controllable, electromagnetic interference will affect the control of the appliances next to failure, can not run, the appliance will not boot Or, when you leave it unattended, things will develop more severely.

No matter whether the device generates electromagnetic interference or is affected by external interference, or the mutual interference occurs between the circuits, the circuit board is the core of the problem. Therefore, the high-power induction cooker research and development manufacturers have designed the circuit board well to ensure the electromagnetic compatibility of the equipment. Significance. The purpose of the circuit board design is to reduce the electromagnetic radiation generated by the circuit on the circuit board and the sensitivity to external interference, and reduce the mutual influence between the circuits on the circuit board.

The measurement method of electromagnetic compatibility mainly consists of test sites and test instruments. The ground required for EMC testing mainly includes open helium and anechoic chambers.

Open 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸 埸. The distance between the two focal points is the required measurement distance. According to the existing standards, it can be divided into 3 meters, 10 meters and 30 meters. Most of the existing standards in our country provide for the measurement of 3 meters, the FCC standards in the United States, and the VDE standards in the United Kingdom have the requirements for measurement in the 10 meters method.

Generally speaking, open and open areas should be built away from the urban areas and where the electromagnetic environment is better. However, this has brought a lot of inconveniences to construction, testing, and life management. Currently, most of the domestic use of rooftop platforms is based on local conditions. The test site should be equipped with turntables and antenna lift towers to facilitate all-round radiated emission and antenna lift tests. There are also specific requirements for open crucibles, such as site attenuation requirements, no metal reflectors around the crucibles, etc.

Screenroom: In the EMC test, the shield room can provide a low and constant electromagnetic environment, which brings great benefits for the improvement of measurement accuracy, reliability of measurement and improvement of repeatability. However, because the interference signals generated in the shielded room by the device under test generate irregular diffuse reflections through the six surfaces of the shielded room, especially in radiation emission measurement and radiation sensitivity measurement, the formation of resident signals in the shielded room is caused. Waves produce large measurement errors. At present, the shielding effectiveness of domestically produced shielded rooms can generally exceed 100 dB in the frequency range of 10KZ-10GHZ.

Anechoic chamber:

The so-called anechoic chamber is mostly composed of a shield room and a wave absorbing material. In the engineering application, it is divided into a fully anechoic chamber (having six absorbing materials on the surface) and a semi-anchoic chamber (metal reflecting surface on the ground). The all-electric darkroom can serve as a calibration ground for a standard antenna and the semi-electrical darkroom can serve as an EMC test site. The main performance indicators of the anechoic chamber are six indicators such as “quiet zone” and “operating frequency range” (static zone refers to the area where the reflection noise interference is the weakest in the RF absorption chamber). However, the cost and difficulty of building an anechoic chamber are quite high, because the lower limit of the working frequency of the dark chamber depends on the width of the dark chamber and the height of the absorbing material, and the upper limit depends on the length of the dark chamber and the minimum cross-sectional area of ​​the allowed quiet zone. There is greater difficulty in construction. Due to the low frequency characteristics of the absorbing materials and other reasons, the total test error is sometimes as high as several tens of decibels, and the cost is several million dollars.

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