Design a temperature control system based on ATmega16L microcontroller, and explain the hardware design of the system. Using the modular design method, the incremental PID algorithm is used to make the temperature value of the controlled object tend to a given value.
main controller
The system main controller uses ATmega16L, which is a high-performance, low-power 8-bit AVR microprocessor with advanced RISC structure, large internal ROM, RAM, Flash and EEPROM, integrated 4-channel PWM. The SPI serial peripheral interface has eight 10-bit A/D converters. For data acquisition systems, there is no need for a separate A/D converter for external cost savings. In addition, the MCU provides a JTAG debug interface, which can be debugged using a self-made simple JTAG emulator.
Temperature acquisition circuit
The picture shows the temperature acquisition circuit. The circuit is mainly composed of a temperature sensor AD590 and a differential operational amplifier AD524, wherein the temperature sensor AD590 is a novel two-terminal constant current device. The excitation voltage range is 4 to 30 V, and the temperature range is -55 to +150 °C. When the current of the AD590 flows through a 5 kΩ resistor, the temperature rises by 1 K, and the voltage across the resistor increases by 5 mV, which translates to 5 mV/K. Therefore, when the temperature changes between 0 and 100 ° C, the resistance voltage varies between 1.365 and 1.865 V. The operational amplifier AD524 is used to convert the absolute temperature to Celsius.
Temperature control circuit
The circuit is mainly composed of a photocoupler and a thyristor as shown. The control signal (PWM) sent by the single chip microcomputer controls the working state of the photocoupler after passing through the driver. When the photocoupler is operated, the trigger pole of the triac is at a high level, and the thyristor is in a conducting state, thereby controlling the operation of the heating rod.
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