2018 is the 40th anniversary of the signing of the Sino-German Intergovernmental Science and Technology Cooperation Agreement. What new enlightenment does German Industry 4.0 bring to Chinese manufacturing?
At the China Beijing International Technology Industry Expo held recently, Sino-German cooperation in science and technology is one of the hot topics. The reporter interviewed former German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder and others to interpret Sino-German cooperation opportunities in manufacturing and industrial Internet, and the experience of German Industry 4.0 in China, which talked about housing prices, industry 4.0, talent training, etc. Many factors.
In October 2015, during the visit of German Chancellor Angela Merkel, China and Germany reached an agreement on promoting the strategic connection between China Manufacturing 2025 and German Industry 4.0. In recent years, China Manufacturing 2025 and German Industry 4.0 are also promoting exchanges and cooperation.
At the Expo, former German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder told reporters in the 21st Century Economic Report that Sino-German cooperation in the manufacturing sector has been quite large. China has many small and medium-sized enterprises with invisible champions. China has a branch office.
"My daughter is studying Chinese at Fudan University. I hope she can speak Chinese fluently and improve her Chinese." Schroeder said that he is very optimistic about the future economic and trade cooperation between Germany and China. China's opening up is a powerful signal and there are The huge potential can make the relationship between the two countries closer.
In 2017, an article by Ren Zeping said that from 1977 to the present, German per capita income has increased by about three times, but nominal housing prices have only increased by about 60% during the same period. The income from housing prices is relatively low, which has improved the happiness of the people and, to a certain extent, achieved “Made in Germanyâ€. Germany does not emphasize the pillar position of real estate, or it is mainly based on manufacturing. Germany also provides a legal framework for social security housing supply, low- and middle-income housing subsidies, rental market regulation and private housing, and is known as the “four pillars†of German housing policy.
Recently, in the discussion about the development of China's manufacturing industry, the income of the manufacturing industry is not high, and the anxiety of young people in China and the enthusiasm for real estate speculation are considered to be obstacles to the development of the manufacturing industry.
The 21st Century Business Herald mentioned the issue of housing prices and manufacturing income in Germany. Schroeder said that the price gap between Germany and various regions is very large. As for young people to buy houses, Germany’s consistent policy has subsidized the state for young people to establish their own homes and build houses. As for the income gap between the manufacturing industry and the financial and Internet industries, he said that the specific wage level is not clear, but the income of the manufacturing industry is not much different from other service industries.
A 2016 German wage report released by career introduction and employment agency StepStone shows that engineers are one of Germany's higher-paying occupations, ranking only third after doctors and lawyers.
In addition to the salary structure, Zhou Songbo, chairman of Sino-German Science Park Holdings Co., Ltd. and chairman of the Sino-German Chamber of Commerce, told the 21st Century Business Herald that Germany's dual education has created better conditions for the development of German manufacturing. The dual-system vocational education is a vocational education mode in which the traditional "apprentice" training method is combined with the modern vocational education concept. The enterprise and the school are each "one yuan."
Christoph Hedić, co-chairman of a European life sciences group, said that German dualism education not only talks about high-end technology, but also puts its eyes on ordinary technical work, allowing work in all walks of life to be carried out. Going forward, knowledge of different levels and industries needs to be disseminated and trained.
In the 21st century economic report, some German companies and experts mentioned that in the process of digitalization in the industrial field, one of the problems is that SMEs are not willing to carry out technical transformation of Internet big data.
The "Guiding Opinions on Deepening the "Internet + Advanced Manufacturing Industry" to Develop Industrial Internet" issued by the State Council at the end of last year mentioned that by 2025, an infrastructure and industrial system with international competitiveness will be basically formed. The industrial Internet network infrastructure covering all regions and industries has been basically completed. It also mentioned the acceleration of the popularization of industrial Internet applications for small and medium-sized enterprises and the deployment of low-cost, modular industrial Internet devices and systems in small and medium-sized enterprises.
Wan Ke Electronics (Tianjin) Co., Ltd. CEO Peng Fuke (Chinese name) told 21st Century Business Herald, as a German-based company, one of the businesses currently doing is to make industrial Internet of Things system solutions for Chinese industrial enterprises.
In Peng Fuke's view, the Industrial Internet of Things is a hot topic in the past two years, and it is also the basis for the realization of German Industry 4.0 and "Made in China 2025". They have many Chinese SME customers. However, the biggest challenge currently being promoted is whether SMEs can accept the idea of ​​industrial Internet of Things to improve the efficiency of industrial enterprises. Is it willing to let relevant enterprises help to sort out, analyze and explain their industrial big data, and complete the digitization of industrial fields.
Kong Hanning, the dean of the German National Academy of Science and Engineering and the father of Industry 4.0, said that it is easy for scientists and entrepreneurs to believe that Industry 4.0 is very easy, but this persuasion work is to disappoint him.
"I have invited more people from the scientific and business circles to communicate with the German government. I hope that we will have more space to develop Industry 4.0." Kong Hanning said.
The 21st Century Business Herald reporters also found similar problems when interviewing domestic industrial enterprises. SMEs are interested in new concepts, but their desire to take the initiative is not strong. In an Industry 4.0 event, a person in charge of a small and medium-sized steel company in the North told the 21st Century Economic Reporter that he was very interested in Industry 4.0, but the current state is that the company's performance is not good, "reform to find death, not reform and so on."
In the face of the technological innovation of the industrial Internet, many traditional industrial manufacturing enterprises face the same problem. On the one hand, the company's own cash flow is not good, on the other hand, technological transformation needs to increase investment, and enterprises lack funds and talents. For other reasons, the willingness to actively improve is not strong.
Peng Fuke told 21st Century Business Herald reporters that they will start from a small specific field in the service of customers, let SMEs see the changes brought about by the real efficiency improvement, and then slowly accept the technicalization of the Industrial Internet. Transformation. As for whether the cost of technological transformation should be considered, it is a problem that all corporate executives need to face.
Kong Hanning also said that two-thirds of Germany's R&D expenditures are borne by the industrial sector, with the largest contributions including the automotive, mechanical engineering and chemical pharmaceutical industries. Germany's economic success is mainly due to its small and medium-sized enterprises. Germany has more “invisible champions†than other countries because they are often proficient in developing innovative solutions to specific problems and have world-class levels.
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